foreign oppressor and free his people, his reaction to God’s response would not be understandable, for he would not have had any moral difficulty over any amount of punishment inflicted on pagan oppressors. The prophet’s reaction makes sense only if the wicked of 1:4 are a group within Judah and the wicked of 1:13 are the Babylonian invaders sent by God to punish them. It follows that the righteous of 1:4 are those within Judah who experience and grieve over injustice and oppression, whereas in 1:13